EduAir Class 9 : English- Lesson – 1: The Fun They Had

Class 9 : English- Lesson – 1: The Fun They Had

📘 Word Notes & Vocabulary

Here are some key terms from the chapter along with their meanings:

  1. Attic – A space just below the roof, used as a storeroom.
  2. Scornful – Showing contempt or disdain.
  3. Slot – A designated space or position.
  4. Geared (to) – Adjusted to a particular standard or level.
  5. Blanked out – Erased or removed.
  6. Loftily – In a proud or haughty manner.
  7. Regular – Normal; of the usual kind.
  8. Betcha (informal) – Contraction of “bet you”; expressing certainty.
  9. Dispute – To argue or disagree.
  10. Crinkly – Having many folds or lines.
  11. Awfully – Very; extremely.
  12. Telebooks – Books displayed on a television screen.
  13. Nonchalantly – In a casually calm and relaxed manner.
  14. Sorrowfully – In a manner expressing sorrow or regret.
  15. Adjusted – Altered to accommodate certain requirements.

Summary of The Fun They Had:-

Chapter 1 of the Class 9 English book Beehive has a story called The Fun They Had. It talks about how, in the future, computers might become a big part of education. Regular schools may be replaced by online classes, and students might be taught by machines instead of real teachers. But will students actually enjoy learning this way? That’s something to think about.

You can read the summary of the story in the CBSE Class 9 English Notes to understand it better.

Also, if you want to learn how to write a good essay for your exam, you can visit the Essay page on BYJU’S. It will help you score more marks in your Class 9 English exam.

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Class 9 English The Fun They Had Summary

The Fun They Had was written by Isaac Asimov. The story is set in the future when books and schools are conducted digitally through virtual classrooms. These classes are taken by a mechanical teacher (robot) instead of a human class teacher. The story starts with two children named Margie and Tommy. They live in a world where computers dominate each and every sphere of life, and children attend virtual classes. With the onset of virtual schools, the concept of books and classrooms has transformed considerably from the olden days.

On 17th May 2157, Margie wrote in her diary about how Tommy found a real book. It was an old book that consisted of stories. Margie’s grandfather once told her that his grandfather informed him that all the stories used to be printed on paper in those days. Both Margie and Tommy started turning the yellow and crumpled pages of the book to discover more about those days. They found it hilarious to read the book as the words stood fixed in one place instead of moving, contract to what they had seen on a computer screen. From this, it is clear that in the future, there will be telebooks only and that no hard copies of books will be available to read. Tommy exclaims that it is an utter waste to read a book and throw it away once completed. He feels that their television screen has a million books on it and could store plenty more without throwing it away.

Soon, they start reading about a school during ancient times when human beings were teachers. Although Margie hated the concept of schools, she was surprised to know actual people taught at school. This is because she has only seen robots teaching at her school. Moreover, she was not so fond of the school that was next to her bedroom as she did not have any classmates, and the mechanical teacher always gave her loads of homework to do.

Both Margie and Tommy study in a virtual classroom that includes electronic gadgets, robots, etc. Their daily lesson appears on a computer screen. It teaches them different subjects like maths, science, etc. Once, Margie’s mother called the County Inspector to fix the mechanical device on which Margie attends her virtual classes. He put the big black screen together again. However, the little girl was disappointed about the device getting fixed so soon. She knew she would again need to feed homework and test papers into it through a punch code.

Further, as both the children continue reading the book, Margie’s mother calls her to attend her classes. While Margie attends her school, the mechanical teacher teaches about fractions, but Margie’s mind starts wondering about the fun her grandparents would have had while visiting a school in the olden days. Those days, a school used to be a special building and all the kids of the same age studied together. She imagines how the kids from different areas in the neighbourhood would come together and attend school merrily. Margie gets fascinated by the fun the children had centuries ago when they went to a real school.

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Conclusion of The Fun They Had

In the chapter, The Fun They Had, illustrates how emerging technology is slowly taking precedence over various things around us. In the near future, it wouldn’t be surprising to see if human teachers are replaced by mechanical devices or robots. Here’s a modest attempt from our end to help students understand the chapter from this CBSE Class 9 English Beehive Prose Summary of The Fun They Had. BRAINSTORMQ offers several other resources such as CBSE Notes and CBSE study material, and students can access several question papers and CBSE sample papers too. For more interactive content, they can also download BRAINSTORMQ’s: The Learning App.

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Textual Questions with Answers :

Thinking about the Text

1. How old are Margie and Tommy?

Answer:
Margie is 11 years old and Tommy is 13 years old.


2. What did Margie write in her diary?

Answer:
Margie wrote in her diary: “Today, Tommy found a real book!”


3. Had Margie ever seen a book before?

Answer:
No, Margie had never seen a real book before. She had only read books on a screen.


4. What things about the book did she find strange?

Answer:
She found it strange that the words in the book didn’t move and stayed on the page. Also, once the book was read, it couldn’t be reused like the screen in her mechanical teacher.


5. What do you think a telebook is?

Answer:
A telebook is an electronic book that can be read on a television screen or computer. It’s like today’s e-books.


6. Where was Margie’s school? Did she have any classmates?

Answer:
Margie’s school was in her home, right next to her bedroom.
No, she did not have any classmates. She studied alone with a mechanical teacher.


7. What subjects did Margie and Tommy learn?

Answer:
Margie and Tommy studied subjects like geography, history, and arithmetic.


8. What kind of teachers did Margie and Tommy have?

Answer:
They had mechanical teachers — large computers with screens that gave lessons and asked questions. They were programmed to teach the students.


9. Why did Margie’s mother send for the County Inspector?

Answer:
Margie’s mother sent for the County Inspector because Margie’s mechanical teacher was not working properly and was giving her tests in geography that were too difficult.


10. What did the County Inspector do?

Answer:
The County Inspector checked the mechanical teacher and found that the geography sector was too fast. He slowed it down to the level of an eleven-year-old child.


11. Why was Margie doing badly in geography? What did the County Inspector do to help her?

Answer:
Margie was doing badly because the mechanical teacher was giving her too advanced lessons. The County Inspector adjusted the settings so that the lessons matched her level.


12. What had once happened to Tommy’s teacher?

Answer:
Tommy’s teacher had once developed a fault, and it had to be taken away for a whole month for repairs.


13. Did Margie have regular days and hours for school? If so, why?

Answer:
Yes, Margie had regular school hours every day except Saturday and Sunday. Her mother believed learning at the same time each day helped children learn better.


14. How does Tommy describe the old kind of school?

Answer:
Tommy said that in the old kind of school, children went to a building, learned the same things together, and were taught by human teachers.


15. How does he describe the old kind of teachers?

Answer:
He said the old teachers were real people, not machines. They gave lessons, asked questions, and gave homework.

Some important questions and answers from Chapter 1: The Fun They Had

1. What kind of book did Tommy find?

Answer:
Tommy found an old, real book in the attic. It had yellow, crinkly pages and words that were printed on paper, not on a screen.


2. What did Margie write in her diary?

Answer:
Margie wrote in her diary: “Today Tommy found a real book!” She was surprised because she had never seen a real book before.


3. Had Margie ever seen a book before?

Answer:
No, Margie had never seen a real book before. She only knew about e-books on screens.


4. What things about the book did she find strange?

Answer:
She found it strange that the words in the book didn’t move and stayed printed on the pages. Also, when you finished the book, you had to throw it away, unlike her computer screen that could show many books.


5. What do you think a telebook is?

Answer:
A telebook is a book that can be read on a screen. It is an electronic book, similar to an e-book we use today.


6. Where was Margie’s school? Did she have any classmates?

Answer:
Margie’s school was in her house, right next to her bedroom. She had no classmates because each child learned from their own mechanical teacher at home.


7. What subjects did Margie and Tommy learn?

Answer:
Margie learned geography, history, and arithmetic (math). Tommy probably studied the same subjects too.


8. Why did Margie hate school? Why did she think the old kind of school must have been fun?

Answer:
Margie hated school because her mechanical teacher gave her lots of homework and tests. She thought the old schools must have been fun because children studied together, laughed, and helped each other.


9. Do you agree with Margie that schools today are more fun than a school in the story? Why?

Answer :
Yes, I agree. In today’s schools, students can interact with teachers and classmates, ask questions, and learn through activities. It is more interesting and enjoyable than learning alone from a machine.

In Short 📝 Summary of “The Fun They Had”

The Fun They Had is a science fiction story by Isaac Asimov set in the year 2157. It shows a future where children learn at home from mechanical teachers (computers), not in schools with human teachers and classmates.

The story begins when Tommy, a 13-year-old boy, finds an old printed book in his attic. He shows it to his 11-year-old friend Margie, who is fascinated because she has never seen a real book. Her books are all telebooks on a screen.

As Tommy explains how schools used to be — with students sitting together, taught by real human teachers, Margie becomes curious. She starts thinking about how much more fun those old schools must have been compared to her boring, lonely lessons with a machine.

In the end, while her mechanical teacher waits to continue the lesson, Margie can’t stop thinking about the old days when learning was shared and exciting.

📚 Main Theme:
The story compares the modern, emotionless, computer-based education system with the traditional school that had human interaction, fun, and friendship.


👧 Character Sketch: Margie

  • Age: 11 years
  • Curious and Thoughtful: She is fascinated by the old book and wonders about schools from the past.
  • Lonely: She learns alone with her mechanical teacher, without classmates.
  • Dislikes Her School: She finds it dull and especially dislikes doing homework and tests.
  • Imaginative: After hearing about old schools, she starts imagining how fun they must have been.
  • Obedient: She follows her routine and studies at the set time daily.

🔍 Margie represents a child who misses human interaction and feels trapped in a cold, machine-led education system.


đŸ‘Ļ Character Sketch: Tommy

  • Age: 13 years
  • Smart and Curious: He finds the old book and understands how old schools used to work.
  • Tech-Savvy: Used to learning from machines, but still finds old books interesting.
  • Proud and Confident: He feels superior for knowing more than Margie.
  • Inquisitive: Loves exploring and finding new things like the old book.

🔍 Tommy represents the typical future child who is familiar with technology but still fascinated by the past.

Worksheet: The Fun They Had – Class 9 English (Beehive)

Answer the following questions based on the story ‘The Fun They Had’ by Isaac Asimov.

  1. 1. What did Tommy find in the attic? Why was it special?


(Answer: ____________________________)

  • 2. What differences did Margie notice between the old book and her telebooks?


(Answer: ____________________________)

  • 3. Why did Margie hate her mechanical teacher?


(Answer: ____________________________)

  • 4. Describe Margie’s school. How was it different from the schools of the past?


(Answer: ____________________________)

  • 5. What did the County Inspector do to help Margie?


(Answer: ____________________________)

  • 6. What subjects did Margie and Tommy study?


(Answer: ____________________________)

  • 7. How did Tommy describe the old kind of school and teachers?


(Answer: ____________________________)

  • 8. Why did Margie think the old schools must have been fun?


(Answer: ____________________________)

  • 9. Do you think learning from a mechanical teacher would be better than learning in a real school? Give reasons

Answer Key: Worksheet – The Fun They Had

  1. 1. What did Tommy find in the attic? Why was it special?

Answer: Tommy found an old, real book in the attic. It was special because it was printed on paper, unlike their digital telebooks.

  • 2. What differences did Margie notice between the old book and her telebooks?

Answer: Margie noticed that the old book had words printed on pages that didn’t move. Once read, it couldn’t be reused like a telebook.

  • 3. Why did Margie hate her mechanical teacher?

Answer: She hated it because it gave her many tests, especially in geography, which she found difficult and boring.

  • 4. Describe Margie’s school. How was it different from the schools of the past?

Answer: Margie’s school was a room in her home with a mechanical teacher. Unlike past schools, she had no classmates and no human teacher.

  • 5. What did the County Inspector do to help Margie?

Answer: He adjusted the geography sector of her mechanical teacher to a slower speed suitable for her age.

  • 6. What subjects did Margie and Tommy study?

Answer: They studied subjects like geography, history, and arithmetic.

  • 7. How did Tommy describe the old kind of school and teachers?

Answer: Tommy said old schools had children learning together in a building, taught by human teachers.

  • 8. Why did Margie think the old schools must have been fun?

Answer: She thought they were fun because kids went together, laughed, played, and learned from real people.

  • 9. Do you think learning from a mechanical teacher would be better than learning in a real school? Give reasons.

Answer: Real schools are better because they allow social interaction, real-time help from teachers, and fun learning with peers.

  1. 10. Write a short character sketch of Margie or Tommy.

Answer: Margie is curious, thoughtful, and lonely in her modern learning setup. She longs for the fun and interaction of old schools.

📝 Textual Questions and Answers

I. Answer these questions in a few words or a couple of sentences each:

  1. How old are Margie and Tommy?
    Answer: Margie is eleven and Tommy is thirteen years old.
  2. What did Margie write in her diary?
    Answer: Margie wrote in her diary, “Today Tommy found a real book!”
  3. Had Margie ever seen a book before?
    Answer: No, Margie had never seen a book before.
  4. What things about the book did she find strange?
    Answer: Margie found it strange that the words were fixed on the pages and did not move as they did on a screen. Also, when they turned back to the previous page, it had the same words on it as before.
  5. What do you think a telebook is?
    Answer: A telebook is a book that appears on a screen and can be read electronically.
  6. Where was Margie’s school? Did she have any classmates?
    Answer: Margie’s school was in her home, right next to her bedroom. No, she did not have any classmates.
  7. What subjects did Margie and Tommy learn?
    Answer: Margie and Tommy studied subjects like geography, history, and arithmetic.

II. Answer the following with reference to the story:

  1. “I wouldn’t throw it away.” (i) Who says these words?
    Answer: Tommy says these words. (ii) What does ‘it’ refer to?
    Answer: ‘It’ refers to the television screen. (iii) What is it being compared with by the speaker?
    Answer: The television screen is being compared with the printed book.
  2. “Sure they had a teacher, but it wasn’t a regular teacher. It was a man.” (i) Who does ‘they’ refer to?
    Answer: ‘They’ refers to the children who studied in the old kind of schools. (ii) What does ‘regular’ mean here?
    Answer: ‘Regular’ here means the mechanical teacher. (iii) What is it contrasted with?
    Answer: It is contrasted with the human teacher of the past.

III. Answer each of these questions in a short paragraph (about 30 words):

  1. What kind of teachers did Margie and Tommy have?
    Answer: Margie and Tommy had mechanical teachers. These were large, black, and ugly machines with big screens. Lessons were shown on the screen, and questions were asked. The mechanical teacher had a slot where students inserted their homework and test papers.
  2. Why did Margie’s mother send for the County Inspector?
    Answer: Margie’s mother sent for the County Inspector because Margie was not performing well in geography. She wanted to find out why the mechanical teacher was not teaching her properly.
  3. What did he do?
    Answer: The County Inspector adjusted the mechanical teacher’s geography sector to an average ten-year level because it was too fast for Margie. He assured Margie’s mother that her overall progress was satisfactory.
  4. Why was Margie doing badly in geography? What did the County Inspector do to help her?
    Answer: Margie was doing badly in geography because the mechanical teacher was set too fast for her level. The County Inspector slowed down the geography sector to suit her age.
  5. What had once happened to Tommy’s teacher?
    Answer: Once, Tommy’s mechanical teacher developed a fault and its history sector blanked out completely. It had to be taken away for a month for repairs.
  6. Did Margie have regular days and hours for school? If so, why?
    Answer: Yes, Margie had regular days and hours for school. Her mother believed that learning at regular hours helped children learn better.
  7. How does Tommy describe the old kind of school?
    Answer: Tommy describes the old kind of school as a building where all the kids went together to study. They had human teachers who taught them the same things and they could ask questions.
  8. How does Tommy describe the old kind of teachers?
    Answer: Tommy says that the old teachers were humans who taught the students in a classroom. They gave homework and asked questions, unlike the mechanical teachers.

IV. Answer each of these questions in two or three paragraphs (100–150 words):

  1. What are the main features of the mechanical teachers and the schoolrooms that Margie and Tommy have in the story?
    Answer: In the story, Margie and Tommy have mechanical teachers at home. These teachers are computers that teach them various subjects. The lessons are displayed on a big screen, and the students have to insert their homework and test papers into a slot. The mechanical teacher checks the assignments and gives marks instantly. The schoolroom is a small room in their house, and they study alone without any classmates. The mechanical teacher is programmed to suit the learning speed of each student. However, it lacks the personal touch and understanding that a human teacher can provide.
  2. Why did Margie hate school? Why did she think the old kind of school must have been fun?
    Answer: Margie hated school because she had to study alone with a mechanical teacher. The lessons were boring, and she missed the interaction with other students. She found the mechanical teacher impersonal and was frustrated when it malfunctioned. After learning about the old kind of schools from the book Tommy found, Margie thought they must have been fun. In those schools, children studied together, shared experiences, and had human teachers who could understand and help them better. She longed for the social interaction and the joy of learning together, which was missing in her current schooling system.

MCQs – The Fun They Had

1. Who is the author of ‘The Fun They Had’?
A. Isaac Asimov ✅
B. Ruskin Bond
C. R.K. Narayan
D. Chetan Bhagat


2. What did Tommy find in the attic?
A. A robot
B. A diary
C. A printed book ✅
D. A tablet


3. What subject was Margie doing badly in?
A. History
B. Arithmetic
C. Geography ✅
D. Science


4. What was Margie’s teacher?
A. A human
B. A mechanical robot ✅
C. An online tutor
D. A smartphone


5. What did the County Inspector do?
A. Repaired Tommy’s tablet
B. Replaced the book
C. Slowed down the geography sector ✅
D. Deleted Margie’s lessons


6. How were the old schools different from Margie’s school?
A. They had mechanical teachers
B. Students studied at home
C. Students learned together with human teachers ✅
D. They used telebooks


7. How old was Margie?
A. 10 years
B. 11 years ✅
C. 12 years
D. 13 years


8. Why did Margie find the old book strange?
A. It had no pictures
B. It was very small
C. The words didn’t move ✅
D. It was blank

âœī¸ Grammar Exercises

1. Conditional Sentences:

  • If I don’t go to Anu’s party tonight, she will get irritated.
  • If you don’t telephone the hotel to order food, you will miss your meal.

These sentences illustrate the use of the first conditional, expressing real and possible situations in the future.

2. Past Tense Usage:

The story employs past tense to narrate events, such as:

  • Margie was eleven years old.
  • Tommy found a real book.

3. Reported Speech:

Examples include:

  • Margie said that she had never seen a book before.
  • Tommy told Margie that the book was about school.

4. Vocabulary in Context:

Understanding how words are used in sentences helps in grasping their meanings:

  • She said nonchalantly, “I suppose he is old enough to know better.” – Here, “nonchalantly” conveys a casual attitude.

hapter: Adverbs in English Grammar


Introduction to Adverbs

In English grammar, an adverb is a word that modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It provides more information about how, when, where, why, or to what extent something happens. Adverbs help add more detail to a sentence, allowing for clearer expression.

Examples:

  1. She sings beautifully. (modifies the verb “sings” by describing how she sings)
  2. He is extremely talented. (modifies the adjective “talented” by showing to what extent)
  3. She runs very fast. (modifies another adverb “fast” by showing to what extent)

Types of Adverbs

Adverbs can be classified based on what they modify in a sentence. There are several types of adverbs:

1. Adverbs of Manner

These adverbs describe how an action is performed. They usually answer the question “How?”

  • Examples: quickly, slowly, easily, carefully, badly, well
  • Examples in sentences:
    • She solved the problem quickly.
    • He speaks loudly during the class.
    • The athlete ran gracefully across the field.

2. Adverbs of Time

These adverbs tell when an action happens. They answer the question “When?”

  • Examples: now, then, yesterday, tomorrow, soon, later, always, never, often
  • Examples in sentences:
    • I will visit you tomorrow.
    • She never arrives late.
    • They are coming over soon.

3. Adverbs of Place

These adverbs describe where an action occurs. They answer the question “Where?”

  • Examples: here, there, everywhere, nowhere, anywhere, upstairs, outside
  • Examples in sentences:
    • We will go there for vacation.
    • The children are playing outside.
    • I have searched everywhere for the keys.

4. Adverbs of Frequency

These adverbs explain how often an action takes place. They answer the question “How often?”

  • Examples: always, usually, often, rarely, seldom, never
  • Examples in sentences:
    • I always wake up early.
    • She often reads before bed.
    • He rarely eats junk food.

5. Adverbs of Degree

These adverbs show the intensity or degree of an action, adjective, or another adverb. They answer the question “To what extent?”

  • Examples: very, too, quite, almost, nearly, extremely, enough
  • Examples in sentences:
    • The movie was very interesting.
    • The test was quite difficult.
    • She is extremely talented in dance.

6. Adverbs of Certainty

These adverbs indicate the level of certainty of an action. They answer the question “How certain?”

  • Examples: definitely, certainly, probably, possibly
  • Examples in sentences:
    • I will definitely join the event.
    • She is probably going to be late.
    • He will certainly pass the test.

Formation of Adverbs

Most adverbs are formed by adding -ly to adjectives. However, there are several exceptions and irregular forms.

1. Adjectives ending in -ly:

When adjectives end in -ly, the adverb is formed by simply adding -ly to the adjective.

  • Examples:
    • Quick → quickly
    • Easy → easily
    • Careful → carefully

2. Adjectives without -ly ending:

Some adjectives do not end in -ly and directly form adverbs by adding -ly.

  • Examples:
    • Hard → hardly
    • Fast → fast
    • Late → late

3. Irregular Adverbs:

Some adverbs do not follow the usual rule of adding -ly and are irregular.

  • Examples:
    • Good → well
    • Fast → fast (stays the same)
    • Hard → hard (stays the same)

Position of Adverbs in Sentences

Adverbs can be placed in different positions within a sentence, depending on what they are modifying.

1. Adverbs modifying the verb:

  • Adverbs typically go after the verb when they modify the verb.
    • Example: She sings beautifully.

2. Adverbs modifying adjectives or other adverbs:

  • When an adverb modifies an adjective or another adverb, it is usually placed before the word it modifies.
    • Example: He is very tall.
    • Example: She runs incredibly fast.

3. Adverbs at the beginning or end of the sentence:

  • Some adverbs, like those of frequency, can be placed at the beginning or end of a sentence.
    • Example (beginning): Often, we go hiking.
    • Example (end): He works out every day regularly.

Common Mistakes with Adverbs

  1. Misplacing adverbs:
    • In some cases, adverbs can change the meaning of a sentence if they are placed incorrectly. For example:
      • Incorrect: She only sings at night. (This means she does nothing else but sing at night.)
      • Correct: She sings only at night. (This means she sings only during the night, not during the day.)
  2. Confusing adjectives with adverbs:
    • Many adverbs are formed from adjectives, but it’s important to know the difference between an adjective (which modifies nouns) and an adverb (which modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs).
      • Incorrect: She sings good. (Here “good” is an adjective, but you need an adverb to describe the verb “sings.”)
      • Correct: She sings well.

Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Identify the type of adverb

Read the following sentences and identify the type of adverb used.

  1. She spoke loudly during the presentation.
  2. I will visit you soon.
  3. He runs fast in marathons.
  4. The dog barked outside the house.
  5. I always drink coffee in the morning.

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences with appropriate adverbs from the list below.

(quickly, never, very, loudly, today)

  1. She answered the question __________.
  2. I have __________ been to Paris.
  3. The children are playing __________ in the garden.
  4. He is a __________ talented artist.
  5. I am leaving __________ for the airport.

Conclusion

Adverbs are crucial in English as they add detail and depth to our sentences. They help express how, when, where, and to what degree something happens. By understanding the different types of adverbs and their correct usage, you can enhance your writing and speaking skills, making your communication more precise and effective.

Grammar Solutions for “The Fun They Had”


Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb

1. Margie (to be) ________ a little upset when her mechanical teacher (to tell) ________ her that she was not learning fast enough.
Solution:
Margie was a little upset when her mechanical teacher told her that she was not learning fast enough.

  • Explanation:
    • “Was” is the past tense of “be,” indicating something that happened in the past.
    • “Told” is the past tense of “tell,” as it refers to an action in the past.

Exercise 2: Correct the sentences by choosing the right adverb

1. The mechanical teacher taught the lesson slowly.
2. Tommy is very cleverly at finding books.
Solution:

  • The mechanical teacher taught the lesson slowly. (Correct)
  • Tommy is very clever at finding books. (Incorrect adverb “cleverly” is replaced by the adjective “clever”)
  • Explanation:
    “Clever” is an adjective, and it should be used to describe a noun. “Cleverly” is the adverb form, but it’s not needed here because the sentence is about Tommy’s ability, not how he performs it.

Exercise 3: Underline the subject and the verb in the following sentences

1. Margie hated school, but she still did all her homework.
2. Tommy found an old book in the attic.

Solution:

  1. Margie (subject) hated (verb) school, but she still did all her homework.
  2. Tommy (subject) found (verb) an old book in the attic.
  • Explanation:
    • The subject is who or what the sentence is about.
    • The verb is the action that the subject performs.

Exercise 4: Identify the adverb of manner in the sentences and write their meanings

1. The children were laughing loudly at the old book.
2. The mechanical teacher explained the lesson very clearly.
Solution:

  1. Loudly – It shows how the children were laughing (adverb of manner).
  2. Clearly – It shows how the teacher explained the lesson (adverb of manner).
  • Explanation:
    Both “loudly” and “clearly” describe the manner in which the action of the verb (laughing and explaining) is carried out.

Exercise 5: Change the sentences into the negative form

1. Tommy was reading the book in the attic.
2. Margie enjoyed her lessons with the mechanical teacher.
Solution:

  1. Tommy was not reading the book in the attic.
  2. Margie did not enjoy her lessons with the mechanical teacher.
  • Explanation:
    To change sentences into the negative form, we add “not” after the auxiliary verb (was, were, did) to indicate negation.

Exercise 6: Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions

1. Tommy liked to read books, but he did not want to read a book about old schools.
2. Margie was happy because the lesson was finally over.

Solution:

  1. but
  2. because
  • Explanation:
    Conjunctions like “but” are used to contrast ideas, while “because” shows a reason for something.

Exercise 7: Use the correct form of the adjective in the sentence

1. The mechanical teacher was (intelligent) than the old school teachers.
2. Margie thought her teacher was (interesting) than Tommy’s teacher.

Solution:

  1. The mechanical teacher was more intelligent than the old school teachers.
  2. Margie thought her teacher was more interesting than Tommy’s teacher.
  • Explanation:
    When comparing two things, the comparative form of the adjective (more + adjective) is used.

Exercise 8: Punctuation and Capitalization

1. “Isn’t it a great invention margie said to tommy.”
2. the children laughed when they read the lesson about the old schools.

Solution:

  1. “Isn’t it a great invention?” Margie said to Tommy.
  2. The children laughed when they read the lesson about the old schools.
  • Explanation:
    Sentences must start with a capital letter, and direct speech should end with punctuation like a question mark or exclamation point. Proper nouns like names of people also require capitalization.

Use of “If not – unless

The “If not – unless” structure is an important grammatical concept, particularly when expressing conditions in English. Here, I’ll explain how this structure works and then provide solutions to exercises related to it, based on the context from the lesson “The Fun They Had”.


Explanation of “If not – Unless”

  • “Unless” is used in the place of “if not.” It means “except if” or “if it is not the case.”
  • “Unless” is a conditional word and is often used to express a condition that must be fulfilled for something to happen or not happen. Example:
    • If not = Unless
      • If you don’t study, you will fail. → Unless you study, you will fail.

Usage of “If not” – “Unless”

Structure:

  • If not + condition, result → Unless + condition, result.

Example 1:

  • If Tommy doesn’t read the book, he won’t understand it.
    → Unless Tommy reads the book, he won’t understand it.

Example 2:

  • If Margie does not attend the class, she will miss out on important lessons.
    → Unless Margie attends the class, she will miss out on important lessons.

Grammar Exercise: “If not – Unless”

Here are some exercises related to “If not – Unless” from the lesson “The Fun They Had” with solutions:

Exercise 1: Change the sentences using “unless”

  1. If you don’t read this book, you will miss an important lesson.
  2. If Margie doesn’t fix the mechanical teacher, she won’t be able to use it.
  3. If Tommy does not understand the lesson, he will fail his test.

Solution:

  1. Unless you read this book, you will miss an important lesson.
  2. Unless Margie fixes the mechanical teacher, she won’t be able to use it.
  3. Unless Tommy understands the lesson, he will fail his test.

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with “unless” or “if not”

  1. You will be punished unless you finish your homework.
  2. We cannot go on the trip if not we get permission from the school.
  3. She will be upset unless you apologize to her.
  4. They won’t learn how to use the new machine unless they practice.

Solution:

  1. You will be punished unless you finish your homework.
  2. We cannot go on the trip unless we get permission from the school.
  3. She will be upset unless you apologize to her.
  4. They won’t learn how to use the new machine unless they practice.

Explanation of the Answers:

  1. “Unless” is used in place of “if not,” as it indicates the condition that must be fulfilled to avoid a certain result.
  2. In some cases, “unless” is placed at the beginning of the sentence, which is still correct as it gives emphasis to the condition.
  3. Using “unless” makes the sentence more concise and is a more natural way to express conditional statements in English.

Conclusion:

The “If not – unless” structure is a simple yet effective way to express negative conditions in English. By practicing this structure, students can easily manipulate conditional sentences and improve their grammatical accuracy. This lesson shows the importance of conditionals, particularly how they are used in the context of “The Fun They Had.”